Italian Terms & Dynamics

A wall chart of the Italian tempo and dynamics vocabulary composers have used for centuries, plus the modifier words that combine with them.

What's inside

• The full dynamics scale from pppp to fff, with a crescendo/diminuendo diagram
• Tempo terms from Grave to Prestissimo, each with a beats-per-minute range
• Modifier words that combine with other terms — molto, poco, più, meno, sempre, -issimo and more
• Terms for changing along the way — crescendo, diminuendo, accelerando, rallentando, a tempo, rubato
• Terms for how to play — legato, staccato, dolce, cantabile, con brio, sforzando